Suchergebnisse

An urban development corporation was established in London Docklands in 1981. Recently, central government has announced its intention to set up similar organisations elsewhere in Britain, and, therefore, a review of the impact of the London Docklands' initiative is appropriate. In this paper I outline the impact of the urban development corporation, in terms of economic regeneration and of the effect on local unemployment. It is argued that demand-led economic regeneration, based on the redevelopment of derelict land, has changed the nature of the local economy, although as yet it has not had any significant effect on the numbers of jobs in the local economy, because of continued decline in existing industries and because of pressures on firms to relocate. Local unemployment has gone on increasing, and evidence is presented to show that labour-market adjustment mechanisms and recruitment patterns severely limit the impact of economic regeneration on unemployment in Docklands. Even major developments, such as the proposed office complex on Canary Wharf, will have only a relatively small effect on local unemployment. Local labour-market intervention has been slow to occur, limited in its aims, and uncoordinated. Urban development corporations are useful policy devices for the encouragement of large-scale land redevelopment, but in their present form they do not represent a complete solution to the economic and employment problems of depressed urban areas. ; Journal now called "Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space".

Aquest article resumeix el desenvolupament del programa INTERREG i la cooperació a la frontera franc-britànica en els últims vint anys. Això és seguit per una anàlisi de la forma transfronterera cooperació pot entendre recorrent a les discussions conceptuals de canviar la governança europea i les relacions de poder entre els diferents nivells de govern. Aquestes idees conceptuals proporcionen un context per a un examen en profunditat de la iniciativa INTERREG IIIA, a la frontera franc-britànica que es destaquen alguns dels principals problemes i les contradiccions de la cooperació transfronterera. ; This paper summarise the development of the INTERREG programme and co-operation on the Franco-British border over the last twenty years. This is followed by a consideration of how cross-border co-operation can be understood by drawing on conceptual discussions of changing European governance and the power relations between different tiers of government. These conceptual ideas provide a context for an in depth consideration of the INTERREG IIIA initiative on the Franco-British border which highlights some of the key problems and contradictions of cross border co-operation.

CHURCH A. and REID P. (1999) Cross-border co-operation, institutionalization and political space across the English Channel, Reg. Studies 33 , 643-655. Cross-border initiatives are based on flexible co-operative networks and have many of the characteristics which the institutionalist perspective argues are often present in regions that have developed effective institutional forms. Transfrontier programmes involving local authorities in northern France and southern England are examined. The paper explores the significance of cross-border strategies for the development and restructuring of the role of local governance in institutional arrangements and territories. It also considers the interaction between cross-border spaces, the transnational spatial planning regions promoted by the European Commission and the emerging regional politics of South East England. CHURCH A. and REID P. (1999) La coopération transfrontalière, l'institutionnalisation et l'espace politique outre Manche, Reg. Studies 33 , 643-655. Les initiatives transfrontalières sont fondées sur des réseaux de coopération souples et ont beaucoup des caractéristiques qui, du point de vue institutionnel, sont souvent présentes dans les régions qui ont développé des institutions efficaces. Des programmes transfrontaliers auxquels participent les autorités locales dans le nord de la France et dans le sud de l'Angleterre se voient examiner. Cet article étudie l'importance des stratégies trans frontalières quant au développement et à la restruct uration du rôle du gouvernement local dans les structures institutionnelles et les territoires. L'article aborde aussi l'interaction des espaces transfrontaliers, des zones d'étude et d'aménagement du territoire transnationales promues par la Commission européenne, et de la politique régionale naissante du sud-est de l'Angleterre. CHURCH A. und REID P. (1996) Grenzüberschreitende Kooperation, Institutionalisierung und politischer Raum jenseits des Ärmelkanals, Reg. Studies 33 , 643‐655. Grenzüberschreitende Initiativen stützen sich auf flexible kooperative Netzwerke, und weisen viele Eigenschaften auf, die sich vom Standpunkt der institutionellen Perspektive her gesehen oft in Gegenden befinden, die effektive institutionelle Formen entwickelt haben. Es werden grenzüberschreitende Programme überprüft, die Ortsverwaltungen in Nordfrankreich und Südengland einbeziehen Der Aufsatz untersucht die Bedeutung grenzüberschreitender Strategien für die Entwicklung und Umstrukturierung der Rolle der örtlichen Verwaltung in institutionellen Vereinbarungen und Staatsgebieten. Er berücksichtigt auch die Wechselwirkung zwischen grenzüberschreitenden Räumen, die übernationalen Raumplanungs regionen, die von der europäischen Kommission gefördert werden, und die aufkommende Regionalpolitik Südenglands.

Lifestyle and informal sports have been recognised by policy makers as offering opportunities to increase participation in physical activity, particularly amongst hard to reach groups. Lifestyle sports are, however, double edged in their potential to achieve these goals. Their playful and non-traditional features may attract new participants less interested in traditional sports but the very liquidity of these activities may mean that the engagement of participants is fragmented and not sustained beyond a particular period in their lives. This article presents the perspective of mountain biking user-managers; those involved in the delivery, clubs and communities of mountain bikers across the United Kingdom. Findings suggest that whilst lifestyle sport communities are dependent on the work of formalised clubs to gain access to the funding and resources they need to sustain their activities, core participants will not always want to have to liaise or become involved formally within a club structure. In addition, clubs will not succeed in delivering sustained activities in line with sport policy to increase and maintain participation by relying on individual grants and without the support of an active informal user community. Accounts highlight the importance of engaging informal user communities with a sense of ownership such as locals to ensure new participants are integrated and the community is able to replenish. ; This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics on 22/02/2017, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19406940.2017.1289236 Accepted manuscript would have had 18 months embargo according to Sherpa Romeo (https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/5441) but it was deposited to the repository of the University of Brighton before the deposit at UoB Repository. Deposited to UoB repository after embargo period ended. CBoula, 22/10/2021

While the politics of recreational access to the natural environment has long been associated with walking, there is growing recognition that other forms of access can, in political terms, be more problematic. One such case is recreational access to inland waters in England and Wales, which has long been dominated by the oppositional politics of anglers and canoeists. Recognising the limitations of conventional evidence-based approaches to policy-making, this paper offers a phenomenological perspective on the politics of water related recreation, suggesting that approaches to the 'solution' of access problems may be found by understanding better the lifeworlds of those involved in the debates. This is illustrated by reference to a recent official inquiry into access along inland waters in Wales.

Young people have been identified as a key target group for whom participation in sport and physical activity could have important benefits to health and well-being and consequently have been the focus of several government policies to increase participation in the UK. Lifestyle sports represent one such strategy for encouraging and sustaining new engagements in sport and physical activity in youth groups, however, there is at present a lack of understanding of the use of these activities within policy contexts. This paper presents findings from a government initiative which sought to increase participation in sport for young people through provision of facilities for mountain biking in a forest in south-east England. Findings from qualitative research with 40 young people who participated in mountain biking at the case study location highlight the importance of non-traditional sports as a means to experience the natural environments through forms of consumption which are healthy, active and appeal to their identities. In addition, however, the paper raises questions over the accessibility of schemes for some individuals and social groups, and the ability to incorporate sports which are inherently participant-led into state-managed schemes. Lifestyle sports such as mountain biking involve distinct forms of participation which present a challenge for policy-makers who seek to create and maintain sustainable communities of youth participants. ; Accepted manuscript would have had 18m embargo from publication date (end of embargo 05/11/2015) according to https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/61108 Deposited to UoB repository alm6ost 6 years after embargo ended and had been priory deposited to Uni of Brighton repository https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/power-space-and-the-new-stadium-the-example-of-arsenal-football-c before UoB repository. CBoula, 01/11/2021

Under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), all water bodies must be of 'good ecological status' by 2015. One of the major beneficiaries of this will be those who use water for sport and recreation activities. It is certainly the case that some waters do contain – at some times – concentrations of pollutants sufficient to be a potential threat to public health but there is little robust evidence that water quality is a major constraint to many water-based activities. This paper addresses the current evidence deficit through a survey of recreational user representatives, exploring the cultural and political influences on decisions about when the quality of water is sufficient for their activity to take place. Using a reading of Bourdieu's 'feel for the game', the paper argues that there is a spectrum of involvement, contact and participation that conditions use and, thus, helps to establish an appropriate context for understanding the potential impacts on water-based recreation of the implementation of the WFD. ; No embargo for submitted manuscripts based on https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/16970. CBoula 01/11/2021

Local government organisations in many countries are now involved in significant transnational cooperative initiatives. This internationalisation of local governance takes many different forms, ranging from informal cultural exchanges to attempts to influence the actions of foreign state governments. It also has important implications for the politics and the management of local government. The existing evidence suggests transnational exchange may stimulate policy innovation and new thinking, but it can also generate significant problems in terms of accountability, strategic vision, initiative management and policy effectiveness. This chapter takes a critical view of one form of transnational cooperation, cross-border collaboration, and argues that the benefits of this activity are elusive and the problems encountered are slow to be overcome.

The introduction to this book in Chapter 1 started by outlining how media commentators have made connections between tourism, terrorism and those who appear to wield power in global geopolitics. Recently, media and human rights reports have also illustrated the apparent powerlessness in the lives of some individuals involved in tourism. One of the effects of the 2004 tsunami in southern and Southeast Asia was to destroy the 'economic' spaces on and near to beaches used by locally owned businesses and independent operators. A report compiled by ActionAid International, the People's Movement for Human Rights Education and Habitat International Coalition was presented to the United Nations in February 2006 and reveals that despite the official emphasis on rebuilding, many individuals now find they are denied access to these spaces or the funding support to re-establish their tourism enterprises, while others with financial resources, political influence and claims to the land will determine their future use (ActionAid International 2006; Weaver 2006). * Chapter 12

Kenya, 28 November 2002: an Arkia airlines charter jet was narrowly missed by two surface-to-air missiles as it started its ascent from Mombassa airport. On board were 261 passengers, the majority of whom were Israeli citizens on their way home after their vacations. Just as it was attacked, 15 people died in a bomb attack on the Paradise Hotel on the Indian Ocean coast. Nine Kenyans and three Israelis, two of whom were children, were killed along with the three suicide bombers. Eighty people were injured, many badly (BBC 2002). Al-Qaeda operatives in Kenya claimed responsibility in the aftermath of the attack (CNN 2002). * Chapter 1

The involvement of urban and regional governments in transnational cooperative arrangements and policy networks has led to considerable debate regarding the political and theoretical implications. This paper examines networking and cooperation between urban areas and regions in the UK and France with a shared sea border. Such cross-border cooperation involving local authorities in Europe is a growing phenomenon and has certain implications for the analysis of local and urban politics. Three study areas are examined in detail: the Transmanche region involving Kent County Council and the French region Nord-Pas-de-Calais; the Transmanche Metropole which includes Southampton, Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Poole in Britain and Caen, Rouen and Le Havre in France; the cooperative initiative between the English county of East Sussex and the French departements of Somme and Seine-Maritime. In all three case studies, the development of cooperation has been influenced by the availability of funds from the European Union Interreg programme which supports transfrontier networking. A number of political consequences of cross-border cooperation are identified. The implications of these policy initiatives for theories of urban politics are considered, including a discussion of the political and economic construction of competition and cooperation between cities and regions.

In Europe, many local authorities have been strengthening their cross-border links in response to the restructuring of national frontiers. This chapter examines three examples of transfrontier cooperation involving UK and French local authorities with very different administrative, political, economic and geographical characteristics, but each has sea borders with its cooperative authority. The Interreg programme provides European Union (EU) funding, in locations agreed by the European Commission, and for cross-border initiatives. Cross-border cooperative networks were designed mainly for the exchange of knowledge and information, but a growing number were developed either to increase resources mainly via EU programmes, or to synchronise policy implementation. Cooperation and networks have implications for local and urban autonomy. The emergence of cross-border initiatives raises important theoretical issues for the study of intergovernmental relations and central-local relations. Network economies and information exchange are perceived to be the main benefits of the Euroregion.

This paper examines the recent evolution of a sub-regional planning initiative in the Thames Gateway which is part of London and the South East region of England. In the late 1980s this area had become a focus for the regeneration strategies of national, regional and local government agencies which were justified on the basis of generalizations of the area's socio-economic structure, largely based on its unfavourable image as the 'back-yard' of London. This paper presents some empirical analyses of recent economic and social change affecting the characteristics of sub-areas of the Thames Gateway and considers the aims of redevelopment strategies.